Scientific cultivation of greenhouse tomatoes improves quality, increases efficiency and promotes bountiful harvests

Greenhouse tomato cultivation has become an important model to ensure high-quality and high-yield tomatoes because it can break through seasonal limitations and precisely control the growth environment. Mastering scientific planting techniques is the key to increasing yield and improving quality, while variety selection and seedling raising are the foundation for successful planting. High-quality varieties that are resistant to weak light, diseases and pests, and have good fruiting properties should be selected, such as Zhongza 105 and Jinpeng 8. Early-maturing or mid-to-late-maturing varieties should be chosen based on market demand. Before sowing, the seeds should be soaked in 55℃ warm water for 15 minutes for disinfection, then wrapped in a damp cloth to promote germination. Sow the seeds after they have sprouted white. During the seedling raising period, maintain a temperature and humidity of 20-25℃ during the day and 15-18℃ at night to prevent the seedlings from growing too fast and cultivate strong seedlings.

Environmental regulation after planting is of vital importance and directly affects the growth status of tomatoes. The temperature in the greenhouse needs to be precisely controlled. During the acclimation period, the temperature should be 25-30℃ during the day and 18-20℃ at night. During the fruiting period, the temperature should be 22-28℃ during the day and 15-18℃ at night. The temperature and humidity can be regulated through facilities such as ventilation openings and shading nets to reduce the risk of pest and disease occurrence. At the same time, it is necessary to ensure sufficient light. In winter, supplementary lights can be used to extend the light duration to promote photosynthesis. Watering should follow the principle of "watering when the soil is dry and watering when it is wet", avoiding excessive flooding. During the fruiting period, the amount of water should be appropriately increased. Combined with the drip irrigation system, the efficiency of water and fertilizer utilization can be effectively improved.

Refined field management is the core link to increase yield. Tomato pruning is carried out using the single-stem pruning method. It is necessary to promptly remove lateral branches and lower old and yellow leaves to improve ventilation and light conditions. When the plants grow to about 30 centimeters, set up supports to guide the vines to grow upwards. During the flowering period, the fruit setting rate can be increased through artificial pollination or by releasing bumblebees for pollination. Fertilization follows the principle of "organic fertilizer as the main and chemical fertilizer as the auxiliary". Before planting, apply sufficient well-rotted organic fertilizer as base fertilizer. During the fruiting period, apply compound fertilizer containing nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium and supplement trace elements to meet the growth needs of the plants.

Pest and disease control and planting summary should be given equal attention to ensure planting benefits. Pest and disease control adheres to the principle of "prevention first and integrated control". Regularly clear the debris in the greenhouse, ensure good ventilation and dehumidification to reduce the breeding of pathogens. For common pests and diseases such as gray mold, late blight and aphids, give priority to using biological pesticides such as sophine and Bacillus subtilis. When necessary, use low-toxicity chemical pesticides and strictly follow the safety interval period. Overall, for the scientific cultivation of greenhouse tomatoes, it is necessary to carry out meticulous operations throughout the entire process, including variety selection, environmental regulation, field management, and pest and disease control. Only in this way can the yield and quality of tomatoes be increased, green planting be achieved, and farmers be helped to improve quality and efficiency and achieve bountiful harvests.